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(No Model.)

J. R. REYNOLDS 8v A. I. JACOBS. BOGK SEWING MACHINE. 110.435,611.Patented Sept. 2,1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN R. REYNOLDS AND ARTHUR I. JACOBS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT,ASSIGNORS TO THE SMYTH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BOOK-SEWING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,611, datedSeptember 2, 1890.

Application filed November 21, 1888. Serial No. 291,441. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, JOHN R. REYNOLDS and ARTHUR I. JACOBS, citizens ofthe United States, residing at the city of Hartford, in the county ofIlartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement inBook-Sewing Machines, and the following is declared to be a full, clear,and exact description of the same.

Heretofore in book-sewin g machines the signatures have been laidsuccessively upon arms that project from a vertical shaft, and thesignatures have been presented one at a time to the sewing mechanism bythe progressive rotation ofthe shaft. These devices are shown in LettersPatent Nos. 220,312 and 366,793, and in this latter patent there is arange of perforators located within the sheetholding bar, theperforators acting upwardly within the fold of the signature toperforate the paper for the easy passage of the sewingneedles.Semicircular needles have also been heretofore employed in book sewingmachines, and such are shown in Letters Patent Nos. 250,991, 262,325,358,572, and 378,461, and reference is hereby made to said patents forsuch needles and their operating mechanism.

The above-named perforators have been used jointly with the curvedneedles to puncture the paper for the passage of the needles, because itwas difficult to puncture the paper by the needles alone, as they wereliable to spring or bend, and it had previously been usual to saw ornotch the backs of the signatures for the needles. Straight needles havealso been employed in book-sewing machines, and have been introducedinto and parallel with the back fold of the signature, and reference ishereby made to Letters Patent Nos. 378,985, 378,467, and 378,984 for thesame, and the aforesaid patents also show that threads have been loopedor interlaced with the threads that pass across the back of thesignatures.

In our present improvement we employ a vertical shaft andsignature-holding bars, within which are perforators and their operatingmechanism, such as set forth in Letters Patent No. 366,793, and we usecircular needles and their operating mechanism, such as is set forth inLetters Patent No. 37 8,461.

Our present invention relates to hooked perforators that are thrustoutwardly from within the signature and pass through the back of thefold of the same, and said hooked perforators are usually movedsimultaneously with perforators such as described in Patent No. 366,793,and these hooked'perforators are adapted to receive threads that crossthe back of the book and are laid into these hooks by vibrating devicessuch as those shown in Letters Patent Nos. 250,991 and 338,000, and areby them drawn down into the signature-holding bar in the form of loopsto receive longitudinal threads that are laid through such loops byneedles. We also employ a sheet-holding bar that is groovedlongitudinally for the passage of the sewingmachine needles and havingrecessed portions adjacent to the hooking devices, into which the loopsof thread held by the hooking devices can spread to insure room for thepassage of the needles.

Our improved hooked perforators have a three-part movement-viz., upthrough the signature upon the bar into position to receive threads,down into the signature-holding bar for drawing in the loops of thread,and partially up to release the loops of thread from the ends of thehooks.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of one of the arms forsupporting the signature and part of the vertical shaft for the same.Fig. 2 is a cross-section of said arm in larger size. Figs. 3, 4, and 5are detached views representing the perforators in their severalpositions. Fig. 6 is a sectional plan at showing part of thesheet-holding bar. Fig. 7 is an elevation in larger size, and Fig. 8 asectional plan at y y of one of the hooked perforators.

The vertical shaft C is revolved intermittently, as in said Patent No.220,312, and

projecting from said shaft are arms e, upon 9 which the signatures areto be laid. The sewing mechanism is composed of nearly semicircularneedles and the looping and `take-up devices connected with the same, as

represented in aforesaid patents. Each of IOO the arms e is made in thesame manner. The arm e in the form of a metal bar extends out from thehub of the shaft C, and has through it vertical mortises for the passageof the perforators 2. .These mortises and perforators are at the properdistances apart to perforate the paper at the places where the needlesare to enter and leave the fold of the signature.`

Each perforator is in the form of a narrow thin blade with a sharp pointat the upper end, and the mortises in the arm e are of the proper sizefor the perforators 2 to slide freely therein.

Beneath the arm c and between the plates 4 is a connecting-bar 6 that isgrooved vertically for the reception of the lower ends of theperforators 2, and these are clamped to the said bar 6 by screws 7, sothat said perforators are raised and lowered bodily by a movement givento the bar 6. The screws 8 pass through the plates 4 and also throughthe three-part-cam slots 9 in the reciprocating bar 10, and this bar l0has longitudinal slots 11, that receive the L-shaped lowerl ends of theplates 12, that hang down from the connecting-bar the same asin theaforesaid Patent No. 366,793, so that when this bar lO is moved endwiseby a suitable device-such as the hook 14-the cam-slots 9 cause this bar10 to raise or lower, and with it the connecting-bar 6 is moved up anddown bodily to project the perforators 2 above the top of the arm e orto withdraw the same below such arm. The signature or sheet-holding bare is grooved Vlongitudinally at e for the passage of the sewing-needles,which needles carry in longitudinal threads within the signatures as thesewing is performed. One of these needles is illustrated by dotted linesat s.

The bar e has vertical mortises att' between the pairs of perforators 2,and within said mortises are vertically-moving hooked perforators h,consisting of blades of metal, the upper ends of which are pointed andhave hooks h and curved edges h2, and the hooked ends are elliptical incross-section, as shown in Fig. 8, and the lower ends of said hookedperforators are fastened to the same bar 6 as are the perforators 2, andsaid perforators all have a movement u'p and down together from theslotted bar lO, as heretofore described.

The sheet-holding bar e is recessed at fi', at opposite sides of theslot e above and at each side of the vertical mortises i', as willbe'seen by reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. These-recesses allowspace for the loops of thread to expand as hereinafter described.

The operation of the mechanism is as follows: The folded signature to besewed is laid over the sheet-holding bar e and is brought up to place,and the perforators 2 and hooking devices h are forced upwardly andoutwardly through the folded back edge of the signature from within intothe position shown in Fig. l. Threads are now engaged with the hookedends h by devices such as are deing devices. After the withdrawal of thesewing-needles a small rising movement is imparted to the bars 10 and 6to elevate the perforators 2 and hooking devices h to the through theloops of thread heldby the hookposition shown in Fig. 4, so that theloops of thread are disengaged from the hooked end h by their lower endsbeing moved aside by theV curved and inclined portions h2 acting againstsuch loops. Hence such loops of thread may be drawn up and tightenedaround the longitudinal threads without being caught by the hooks h. Inthe normal position the perforators 2 and hooking devices hare in theposition shown in Fig. 4, and their upper ends are entirely below thetop edges of the arms e, and the signatures are laid upon the arms e assaid arms come around successively, and when the arm with the sheet uponit arrives at the place where the sewing is performed and the shaft andarms are raised up as described in the aforesaid Patent No. 220,312, thesheet is held down upon the arm by stationary lingers projecting fromthe bar that supports the shafts of the needles and at this moment anend movement is given to the reciprocating bar 10 by any suitabledevice*such as the hook 14, acted upon by a camand the perforators 2 andhooking devices h are forced upwardly through t-he back of the signatureinto the positions shown in Figs. l and 5, thus perforating thesignature for the sewing-needles and for the threads that the hookingdevices draw down. The bar 10 is now reciprocated in the otherdirection, and the perforators and hooking devices are withdrawn and thesewing is proceeded with as heretofore described.

' Ve claim as our inventionl. The combination, in a book-sewing machine,with a signature or sheet holding bar and eye-pointed needles for layingthreads longitudinally within the signature, of hooking devices standingvertically within the sheet-holding bar, mechanism, substantially asspecified, for projecting the hooking devices outwardly through the backof the signature from within and for retracting the same, andthread-carriers for engaging other threads with the hooking devices,whereby loops of thread are drawn down wit-hin said signatures and theeye-pointed needles lay the longitudinal threads w-ithin the signaturesand within the loops, substantially as set forth.

2. In a book-sewing machine, a signature or sheet holding bar or arm e,grooved or TOO IIO

channeled longitudinally at e along its upper edge, and having verticalinortises at 'i and recesses at t" at opposite sides of the channel eabove and at the sides of the inortises, and hooking devices 7L Withinthe inortises t, and mechanism, substantially as speeiiied, for movingthe said hooking devices and proj eeting the hooks through and above thesheet upon the holder, and thread-supplying devices for laying threadsin the hooks, and needles i'or laying longitudinal threads Within thesignatures and through the loops of thread upon the hooks and Within therecesses, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the sheet holding bar or arm, of a pointed hookand perforators, and means for moving suoli hook and perforators toproject thein through the signature upon the bar or arm, a carrier forengaging a thread with the hook, and an eye-pointed needle passingthrough the holes inade by the perforators and laying a thread throughthe loop drawn in by the hook, substantially as speciied.

4. In a book-sewing machine, the combination, with a curved eye-pointedneedle adapted te pass into and come out at the back of the signature,and a sheetholding support or arm, of a perforating device acting at thefold of the sheet between the place Where the curved needle enters thesignature and the place Where it emerges therefrom, such per foratingdevice being adapted to draw a loop of threadinto the path of the curvedneedle so that such curved needle passes through such loop to leave itsown thread Within such loop, substantially as set forth.

Signed by us this 10th day of October, A. D. 1888.

JNO. R'. REYNOLDS. ARTHUR l. JACOBS. Witnesses:

CHAI-inns E. PARKER, W. B. MCCRAY.

